Methods & Sources
My Bio Age turns Apple Health metrics into two headline numbers: Fitness Age and Biological Age. We lean on peer-reviewed research, transparent weightings, and conservative assumptions so you can see what’s changing and why.
Fitness Age
Fitness Age is powered by VO₂max, which Apple Watch measures during eligible outdoor workouts. We compare your VO₂max to the FRIEND normative database based on age and biological sex. The resulting percentile is mapped to the age where that percentile is average.
- VO₂max samples are filtered for recency and workout quality.
- We smooth spikes with an exponentially weighted moving average to resist short-term noise.
- Weekly digests highlight improvements or declines compared to the prior week.
Biological Age
Biological Age blends multiple recovery and cardiovascular metrics into a single z-score that is then translated into an age scale. The components and directions:
- VO₂max (higher is younger)
- Heart-rate variability SDNN (higher is younger)
- 1-minute heart-rate recovery post workout (higher is younger)
- Resting heart rate (lower is younger)
- Walking heart rate (lower is younger)
- Sleep duration & sleep efficiency (higher is younger)
Each metric is standardized against your personal long-term average and population norms. Weightings adapt based on signal availability: if VO₂max is missing, the remaining metrics expand to maintain sensitivity without exaggeration. Weekly digests explain which metrics had the largest impact on your score.
Caveats
Apple Watch VO₂max is an estimate derived from outdoor exercises that meet Apple’s criteria. Accuracy depends on workout conditions, motion, and consistent wear. We flag missing or low-confidence samples so you know when to repeat a measurement. Biological Age is a wellness indicator, not a medical diagnosis.
References
- HealthKit — VO₂max (HKQuantityTypeIdentifier.vo2Max)
- HealthKit — HRV (SDNN)
- HealthKit — Sleep Analysis
- Apple Support — How Apple Watch estimates VO₂max
- Apple White Paper — Using Apple Watch to Estimate Cardio Fitness with VO₂ max (PDF)
- VO₂max normative standards (FRIEND) — Myers et al., 2017
- FRIEND update — Kaminsky et al., 2022